In November 2025, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) released Treatment for Pediatric Gender Dysphoria: Review of Evidence and Best Practices,  a report with five main sections: Background, Evidence Review, Clinical Realities, Ethical Considerations, and Psychotherapy. This umbrella review summarizes the results of 17 previous systematic evidence reviews including those conducted for the Cass Review (England, 2024). In alignment with the most rigorous of those reviews, the HHS Review concluded that the “evidence for benefit of pediatric medical transition is very uncertain, while the evidence for harm is less uncertain.”

DIAG is working to summarize key report findings and will expand this page soon. In the meantime, those looking for more information, can watch a roundtable discussion led by NIH Director Dr. Jay Bhattacharya and the review authors: